Cologne Cathedral
The Cologne Cathedral (German: Kölner Dom, officially Hohe Domkirche Sankt Petrus), located in Cologne, Germany, is one of the most significant examples of Gothic architecture in the world. Here are some detailed facts about this magnificent structure:
History
- Foundation and Early Construction: The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1248, with the intention to house the relics of the Three Kings, which had been brought to Cologne from Milan in 1164 by Rainald of Dassel, the Archbishop of Cologne.
- Medieval Construction: The construction progressed rapidly at first but slowed down over the centuries due to lack of funds, wars, and changing architectural styles. By the 15th century, the nave was largely completed, but the transepts and towers were left unfinished.
- Renaissance to Modern Times: Work on the cathedral ceased around 1560, leaving the building with only the choir and parts of the nave. Interest in completing the cathedral was revived in the 19th century, spurred by German nationalism and the Gothic Revival movement. Construction resumed in 1842, following the original medieval plans closely.
- Completion: The cathedral was completed in 1880, over 632 years after construction had begun. The final touches were added under the supervision of architects such as Erwin von Steinbach and Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Architectural Features
- Size: It is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe with a height of 157 meters (515 feet), making it the third-tallest church in the world.
- Design: The cathedral features twin spires, flying buttresses, gargoyles, and a vast array of stained glass windows, many of which were restored or replaced after World War II.
- Interior: Inside, the cathedral boasts an impressive collection of religious artworks, including the famous Shrine of the Three Kings, which is one of the largest reliquaries in the Western world.
World Heritage Status
Recent Events and Cultural Impact
- World War II Damage: During World War II, the cathedral was hit by bombs several times, but it survived largely intact, serving as a beacon for Allied bombing raids on Cologne.
- Restoration: Extensive restoration work has been ongoing, particularly focusing on the preservation of its medieval stained glass and the repair of war damage.
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